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Articles

Canadian study reveals that women who undergo early menopause are less at risk for asthma than women who experience menopause late. 

Late Menopause Associated with Greater Asthma Risk

Member experience, outcomes and medication adherence are the key areas of performance that Medicare Advantage plans should focus on to improve Star Ratings.

Improving Your 2026 MA Star Ratings: Insights and Recommendations

A new study found that iron supplements are safe for children with HIV in Uganda, as they improve hemoglobin levels without increasing malaria risk.

Iron Supplements Actually Benefit Children with HIV 

A recent study reveals that nearly 20% of United States physicians treating HIV patients plan to leave or reduce their caseload within five years, even as demand for HIV care is expected to rise.

Study: U.S. HIV Physician Workforce in Decline

Managed Healthcare Executive provides C-suite executives at health plans and provider organizations with news, analysis, insights, and strategies to pursue value-driven solutions.

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1rem

Authors

Tanya Sanderson, RN, BSN, MBA, MHA, CLNC, Senior Director of Revenue Integrity at XSOLIS.

In an early 2023 brief published by KFF, CMS transparency data for 2021 revealed an average denial rate of 17% for all in-network claims, with authorization denials reported as high as 24% of denial volume for some plans and medical necessity denial rates as high as 37% for others. 

How AI is Changing the Conversation Around Hospital Denials – and Improving Financial Implications in the Process

Two of Los Angeles’ largest health insurers will invest $90 million over the next five years to improve health care and access to social services and housing for Los Angeles County’s homeless population.

The partnership between L.A. Care Health Plan, the largest publicly operated health plan in the U.S., and Health Net, a subsidiary of Centene Corp., a for-profit insurer with Medicare and Medicaid plans, launched two new street medicine programs in July 2024 aimed at coordinating care for their unhoused members.

Funding for the programs will come from California’s Housing and Homeless Incentive Program (HHIP), a voluntary program that was part of a five-year effort designed to improve health outcomes and the quality of life of people enrolled in Med-Cal, the state’s Medicaid program. HHIP has funds for Medi-Cal managed care plans that have projects that assistpeople who are unhoused. L.A. Care is earmarking 70% of its HHIP money for the programs, and Health Net, 30%.

“As a public entity, our mission is much broader than you would assume,” says Sameer Amin, M.D., chief medical officer at L.A. Care Health Plan. “It is a responsibility to help these people in ways that are far outside … a normal insurance plan.”

Martha Santana-Chin, Medi-Cal president for Health Net of California, says that finding permanent housing for “the most vulnerable of the vulnerable” will allow members to focus on their health and cut down on emergency department visits
and hospitalizations.

California, with an estimated 180,000 people without housing, has the largest population of homeless people of any state in the U.S. Los Angeles County’s 85,000 homeless citizens are second only to those of New York City. Approximately 40,000 to 50,000 of the county’s homeless people are L.A. Care members, and between 20,000 and 25,000 are covered by Health Net.

Both insurers have worked with the doctors, nurses and social workers who provide street medicine to people living on the streets or in encampments. But care was hit or miss. The companies decided to collaborate and coordinate care and created the Field Medicine Program and the Skid Row Collaborative.

“The difference now is that we are also assigning individuals to primary care providers to take care of their longitudinal journeys and care coordination needs beyond the episode of addressing their immediate needs in the street,”
says Santana-Chin.

The $60 million allotted to the Field Medicine Program includes money for 10 new street teams, building a technological infrastructure and incentive pay for providers. The money is also intended for all the resources needed for primary, preventive, longitudinal, and urgent health care, chronic disease management, pharmacy and social services. “Part of the program is to get [patients] early [on] so they don’t have to run into the emergency department or be hospitalized for weeks on end,” Amin says. One-third of the $60 million was used to build the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services Crocker Street campus, which is expected to open nin early 2025.

The remaining $30 million underwrites the Skid Row Collaborative. Skid Row is home to the highest density of unhoused people in the county. To meet the long-term goal of permanent housing for their members, the companies are working with local agencies and organizations and have pledged an additional $114 million over the next several years to set aside 1,900 rental units. “We can’t have our services be a road to nowhere,” Amin says.

“We still have a lot to do,“ comments Santana-Chin. “By no means have we fixed all the problems. But I believe that we are paying attention to this like we have never [done] before. I’m very excited about that.”

L.A. Care Health Plan and Health Net are teaming up to provide care for 85,000 people in Los Angeles County who don’t have housing

Homeless Does Not Have To Mean Health Plan-Less

Better access to eye care may be making a dent in the rates of diabetic retinopathy among Native Americans.

About 13.6% of American Indians and Alaska Natives have 

, which is double the proportion  of White Americans with the disease. According to 

 from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study (SEARCH), between 2002 and 2015, the rate of diabetes diagnoses rose steadily among 10 to 18 year olds in the US: 4.8% overall, 3.7% among American Indians and Alaska Natives.

 suggests that diabetic retinopathy incidence and progression in that population are “substantially lower than they were 30 or more years ago and are now comparable with estimates from non-American Indian and Alaska Native populations examined in the last 20 years.”

Using data from the IHS teleophthalmology program, 

, Ph.D., of Estanda Solutions Inc., of Wayne, Pennsylvania, and others examined the incidence of diabetic retinopathy among American Indians and Alaska Natives adults. Their retrospective cohort study, conducted between 2015 and 2019, included adults with diabetes and no evidence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) or mild nonproliferative DR (NPDR) in 2015 who were reexamined at least once during 2016-2019.

Of 7,097 patients who had no DR in 2015, 18% had mild NPDR or worse in 2016-2019. The incidence rate from no DR to any DR was 69.6 cases per 1,000 person years at risk. Roughly 6% of participants had a 2-plus step increase from no DR to moderate NPDR or worse; 27% of those with mild NPDR progressed to moderate or worse; 2.3% progressed to severe NPDR or worse.

Noting that the estimates of DR incidence and progression were lower than those previously reported for American Indians and Alaska Natives, these researchers suggest extending the time between DR re-evaluations for certain patients in this population, “if follow-up compliance and visual acuity outcomes are not jeopardized.”

The researchers give credit to IHS programs, such as the Special Diabetes Program for Indians and the American Telemedicine Association Category 3 teleophthalmology program. Both have increased access to diabetes treatment services; the teleophthalmology program alone conducted 264,437 examinations of 120,075 patients between 2000 and 2021. 

“Coinciding with this expansion of diabetes programs and medications,” the researchers say, “the prevalence of diabetic eye disease in American Indian and Alaska Native individuals served by the IHS teleophthalmology program appears to have declined.”

Findings reported in JAMA Opthalmology show substantial decrease from 30 years ago.

Clinical

Diabetic Retinopathy on the Decline Among Native Americans

Studies show that prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) is associated with many financial and clinical risks, including, higher rates of ICU-acquired weakness (ICUAW) and readmission.[i]

Researchers attempting to address this dilemma have found that transferring PMV patients to settings that specialize in ventilator weaning could be beneficial for those whose conditions are otherwise stable.

Clinical and Financial Outcomes at Kindred Hospitals

Kindred Hospitals provide specialized acute care and rehabilitation for medically complex patients, and have a particular expertise in treating ventilator patients

Data show that the average 30-day readmission are significantly lower at Kindred than at traditional inpatient hospitals for Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRGs) 003, 004, and 207 with prolonged mechanical ventilation

DRG 207: Respiratory system diagnosis with ventilator support >96 hours.

DRG 003: ECMO or tracheostomy with MV >96 hours or principal diagnosis except face, mouth and neck with major O.R. procedures.

DRG 004: Tracheostomy with MV >96 hours or principal diagnosis except face, mouth and neck without major O.R. procedures.

At Kindred, our high-level staffing allows us to accept critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation once they have reached a stable condition. Pulmonary patients benefit from physician-led interdisciplinary care, pulmonologist consultations, 24/7 access to respiratory therapy, and physical, occupational, and speech therapy.

We also have established care initiatives that promote recovery, including:

Early mobility for all patients, even those on mechanical ventilation

Disease-specific care certifications in Respiratory Failure from The Joint Commission

At a Kindred Hospital, PMV patients benefit from specialized and efficient care in a facility focused specifically on their needs. 

With the significant risks associated with PMV, transferring these patients to a Kindred Hospital once they are stable is an important strategy in improving patient outcomes, and reducing readmission risk and cost.

To learn more about how we can help reduce readmissions, visit kindredmanagedcare.com



https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26242743/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7515670/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6852505/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28403404/

 The Advisory Board. The Post-Acute Care Pathways Explorer: State Average Outcomes by MS-DRG, Accessed August 2024; Systems Outcomes Report, MS-DRG, Kindred Hospital Medicare IDs, Q4 2022-Q1 2023.

Reducing Readmissions for Ventilator Patients Through Early Transfer to Kindred Hospitals

If priced between $143,900 and $273,700 per treatment cycle, tabelecleucel (tab-cel) would be a cost-effective cell therapy to treat a post-transplant complication, according to an 

 from The Institute for Clinical and Economic Review. Tab-cel is currently being reviewed by U.S. regulators to treat adult and pediatric patients two years of age and older with Epstein-Barr virus positive post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (EBV+ PTLD).

Lymphoproliferative disease is a rare but life-threatening 

 after organ or stem-cell transplants. Many cases are associated with Epstein-Barr virus, accounting for more than 75% of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease, according to one estimate. Most people have been exposed to Epstein-Barr, but the immune suppression drugs used after a transplant can reactivate the virus.

There is no treatment available specifically for Epstein-Barr virus related post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease, but Rituxan (rituximab) and chemotherapy are often used to treat the disease.

“EBV+ PTLD is a rare and often fatal cancer associated with solid organ transplant and stem cell transplant,” ICER’s vice president of research Foluso Agboola, MBBS, MPH, said in a 

. “Unfortunately, approximately half of EBV+ PTLD cases are refractory to initial treatment or relapse, resulting in a poor prognosis. The limited evidence on tabelecleucel suggests that it provides important clinical benefits in patients with relapsed refractory EBV+ PTLD, extending survival for patients who otherwise do not usually survive beyond a few weeks to months, with few harms.”

Tab-cel is an allogeneic, T-cell immunotherapy that, if approved, would administered intravenously for three doses per cycle for a minimum of two cycles. It would be available as an off-the- shelf, T-cell therapy.

The biologics license application for tab-cel is being review by U.S. regulators, and an FDA decision is expected by Jan. 15, 2025. Developed by Atara Biotherapeutics, tab-cel will be marketed in the United States by Pierre Fabre Laboratories, according an 

 between the companies in December 2023. Based on this agreement, all tab-cel manufacturing, clinical, and regulatory activities have been transitioned from Atara to Pierre Fabre Laboratories.

Tab-cel is available in Europe with the brand name Ebvallo and marketed by Pierre Fabre.

ICER has given tabelecleucel a rating of A, indicating the T cell therapy has a high certainty of substantial net health benefit. The analysis indicates that treatment with tab-cel extends survival for patients who otherwise do not usually survive beyond a few weeks to months. The data indicate that the therapy appears to induce partial or complete remission in a substantial proportion of patients with relapsed/refractory Epstein-Barr virus positive post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease.

ICER’s health-benefit price benchmark is a price range suggesting the highest U.S. price, net of rebates and discounts, a manufacturer should charge for a treatment, based on the amount of improvement in overall health patients receive from that treatment.

The BLA is supported by data from more than 43 patients treated with tab-cel across multiple life-threatening diseases, including the single-arm ALLELE study that met its primary endpoint. Interim data from this study found that 22 of 43 (51.2%) Epstein-Barr virus related post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease patients achieved an objective response rate. The median duration of response was 23 months, and the median overall survival was 18.4 months.

In ICER’s analysis, tab-cel resulted in high quality of life years (QALY), equal value of life years (evLY) gained, and life years gained over a lifetime horizon. Based on a placeholder price of $287,500 per 35-day treatment cycle, the incremental cost-effectiveness of tabelecleucel was approximately $183,449 per QALY gained and $156,668 per evLY gained.

Because tab-cel is an off-the-shelf product, the ability to treat patients early would be an advantage, ICER notes. Currently available T cell therapies have lengthy manufacturing times, which can delay treatment.

ICER officials, however, cautioned that the cost-effectiveness findings could be an optimistic estimate given the limited clinical evidence available. The actual cost-effectiveness will be dependent on its actual price and the survival benefit of treatment. The analysis notes that few patients have been treated have been followed for five years.

“Additionally, it is not clear how generalizable the data from the ALLELE study are, since the small sample size and short duration of the trial may obscure differences in treatment effect by transplant type,” the reported noted.

Long-term safety data are also needed to assess potential harms. ICER officials noted there were four events of acute graft versus host disease (GvHD) in three patients reported in the U.S. expanded access program that were considered by investigators to be possibly related to tabelecleucel.

ICER has given tabelecleucel a rating of A, indicating the T cell therapy for Epstein-Barr virus related post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease has a high certainty of substantial net health benefit and would be cost-effective if priced between $143,900 and $273,700.


Tanya Sanderson

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