Health Equity: Why It’s Vital to Star Ratings Performance

Marge Ciancetta

Meeting the complex needs of socially vulnerable populations, including low-income people of color and those with disabilities, is one of most pressing challenges for Medicare Advantage (MA) plans, especially dual eligible special needs plans (D-SNPs). Yet the fact remains that people living in socially vulnerable communities are less likely to have access to high-rated MA plans because of:

• Higher rates of poverty and unemployment, which can lead to higher healthcare costs that make it riskier for plans to serve these communities
• Shortages of primary care physicians and specialists
• Higher rates of chronic disease, mental health conditions, and factors like food insecurity

Leah Dewey, M.P.H.

Because plans earning less than four stars are ineligible for bonus payments from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), low-rated plans have even fewer resources to invest in strategies to address members’ social risk factors (SRFs), further fueling these inequities. Their key challenges include:

• Resource constraints. MA plans in low-income areas often have fewer resources to address social determinants of health (SDOH) like unstable housing, lack of access to nutritious food, and transportation barriers that can make it difficult for members to attend medical appointments, adhere to treatment plans, and engage in healthy behaviors.
• Complex health needs. Individuals in low-income neighborhoods are more likely to suffer from chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension.
• Communication barrier. Language barriers, low health literacy, and limited access to technology can impede member-provider communication, ultimately affecting health outcomes and quality scores.

Preparing for the 2027 Health Equity Index

Another factor that could create additional challenges for plans seeking higher ratings is the Health Equity Index (HEI). Since 2022, HEDIS^® Health Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) scores have been declining among MA plans with higher proportions of dual-eligibles with special needs, who cover the most socially vulnerable populations. With the introduction of the HEI, which includes several HEDIS^® and pharmacy measures, CMS aims to reverse this lagging performance and incentivize plans to reduce disparities in care, all while achieving more than $5 billion in savings over a decade.

The HEI replaces the reward factor in measurement year 2025 to affect the 2027 Star Ratings. Whereas the reward factor benefits plans with high and steady performance, the HEI rewards plans with high measure-level scores for members with specific SRFs. Like the reward factor, the HEI adds up to 0.4 stars to the overall contract star rating, meaning that some plans could gain or lose up to half a star based on their health equity strategies alone.

Optimizing Star Ratings and improving gaps in care

With the introduction of the HEI, plans that prioritize long-term strategies to support at-risk populations will see better performance on quality measures as well as higher ratings. Here are some ways that health plan leaders can act now.

Set targets using predictive cut points. More than half of cut points increased from 2024 to 2025. With CMS’s methodology changes, cut points will continue to trend higher, and plans will need to set higher goals just to maintain the same rating. Plans should track their performance with tools that can predict cut points for upcoming measurement years; otherwise, they could fall short of their goals.

Figure 2. Cut point trends: Comparison of 2024 Star Ratings to 2025 Star Ratings.

Identify members with SDOH using socioeconomic, geospatial, and claims data. Plans can use health risk assessments (HRAs) and other member interactions to identify SRFs and capture them as ICD-10 Z-codes (Z55-Z65 range). Plans can also use census data at the neighborhood level to identify potentially vulnerable members. Then plans can target their outreaches, enroll members in low-income programs, and provide individualized support.

Collaborate with local organizations to offer community-based benefits. By connecting with community health centers and social service agencies, plans can provide help with housing, food, and transportation.

Emphasize preventive care and early intervention to reduce the incidence of chronic diseases and complications. Plans should offer wellness programs, health education, and preventive screenings to encourage healthy behaviors and catch health issues early.

Committing to the difficult work ahead

While strategies to address health inequities require planning, partnerships, and investments, they are essential for plans to close gaps in care and stay competitive. Plans that act now and remain agile to ongoing policy changes will be better positioned to achieve higher ratings and provide better care for their patients.

Marge Ciancetta is the product manager of Cotiviti’s Star Intelligence solution and Leah Dewey,M.P.H., is vice president of clinical and consumer engagement operations of Cotiviti.